State support of imperial (Ise) & national shrines
20% of Buddhist temples closed
Festivals celebrating emperor and country
“Loyalty to the Emperor and Love of Nation”
Samuraization of household (ie)
3 grades of compulsory school, 1872
Local funding
Tuition
25% attendance, 1870s
What explains the low attendance?
Teacher’s Colleges founded, 1872
Coincidence? Cumberland Valley State Normal School, Est. 1871
Elementary School Law
Normal School Ordinance
How does Imperial Rescript on Education exemplify Neo-Confucian tradition and modern nationalism? (Electronic Reserves & Gordon, pp. 107-8)
Emperor’s photo (Gordon, p. 69, bottom)
Tuition lowered, 1890s
Tuition eliminated, 1900
What was the effect on attendance?